50 Palavras Essenciais de Supply Chain em Inglês que Todo Diretor de Operações Precisa Dominar
De 'lead time' a 'safety stock': o vocabulário logístico que conecta operações brasileiras a cadeias globais.
Quando usar: Para diretores de supply chain, gerentes de logística, compradores e profissionais de operações que negociam com fornecedores internacionais, participam de S&OP meetings ou reportam para matrizes globais.
Frases prontas para usar
Procurement e Compras (Sourcing & Purchasing)
Procurement, 'Procurement savings of $2.4M were achieved through supplier consolidation'
RFP / RFQ (Request for Proposal / Quote), 'We issued an RFQ to 8 suppliers with a 30-day response window'
Supplier / Vendor, 'Our primary supplier for raw materials is based in Germany with a backup in South Korea'
Lead Time, 'Lead time from order to delivery is 45 days for standard items, 90 for custom'
MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity), 'The supplier's MOQ is 5,000 units, too high for our test batch'
Cost Breakdown, 'The cost breakdown shows 40% raw materials, 25% labor, 20% logistics, 15% overhead'
Single Source vs. Dual Source, 'We're moving to dual-source for critical components to reduce risk'
Incoterms (FOB, CIF, DDP), 'The shipment is CIF Santos, supplier covers insurance and freight to port'
Purchase Order (PO), 'PO approval workflow: requester → manager → procurement → finance for amounts above $50K'
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), 'TCO analysis shows the cheaper supplier is actually 12% more expensive when you factor in quality issues'
💡 Dica
Incoterms são essenciais em comércio internacional. FOB (Free on Board) = responsabilidade passa no porto de origem. CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) = vendedor paga até o porto de destino. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) = vendedor entrega na porta.
Gestão de Estoque (Inventory Management)
Inventory Turnover, 'Inventory turnover improved from 4.2x to 5.8x after the SKU rationalization'
Safety Stock, 'Safety stock for A-class items is set at 2 weeks of demand'
SKU (Stock Keeping Unit), 'We reduced active SKUs from 12,000 to 8,500, a 29% reduction'
FIFO / LIFO (First In, First Out / Last In, First Out), 'Warehouse operates on FIFO for all perishable items'
Stockout / Out of Stock, 'Stockout rate decreased from 8% to 2.5% after implementing demand sensing'
Carrying Cost / Holding Cost, 'Carrying cost is estimated at 25% of inventory value annually'
Dead Stock / Obsolete Inventory, 'Dead stock write-off of $1.2M was booked in Q4'
Reorder Point (ROP), 'The reorder point is calculated based on average daily demand × lead time + safety stock'
ABC Analysis, 'ABC analysis: A-items (15% of SKUs, 80% of value) get daily monitoring'
Cycle Count, 'We replaced annual physical counts with monthly cycle counts for A-class items'
💡 Dica
Inventory turnover é a métrica que o CFO mais olha em supply chain. Maior turnover = menos capital parado. Mas cuidado: turnover muito alto pode significar stockouts. O equilíbrio é a arte do supply chain.
Logística e Distribuição (Logistics & Distribution)
3PL (Third-Party Logistics), 'We outsourced last-mile delivery to a 3PL to improve service levels in the Northeast'
Freight / Shipping, 'Ocean freight rates from Shanghai to Santos dropped 35% from the 2022 peak'
Last Mile Delivery, 'Last mile accounts for 53% of total shipping cost'
Distribution Center (DC), 'The new DC in Cajamar serves the entire state of São Paulo with same-day capability'
Cross-Docking, 'Cross-docking eliminated 3 days from the fulfillment cycle for fast-moving items'
Route Optimization, 'Route optimization software reduced fuel costs by 18% and improved on-time delivery'
On-Time In-Full (OTIF), 'OTIF performance: 94.2% this month, target is 96%'
Bill of Lading (B/L), 'The bill of lading must match the commercial invoice and packing list exactly'
Customs Clearance, 'Customs clearance in Santos is averaging 5 business days, down from 12 last year'
Reverse Logistics, 'Reverse logistics for returns costs $8 per unit, triple the outbound cost'
💡 Dica
OTIF (On-Time In-Full) é o KPI mais importante de supply chain. Combina duas dimensões: chegou no prazo? E chegou completo? Um pedido que chega no prazo mas com 90% dos itens não é OTIF.
Planejamento e S&OP
S&OP (Sales and Operations Planning), 'The monthly S&OP meeting aligns demand forecast with production capacity'
Demand Planning / Demand Forecast, 'Demand forecast accuracy improved to 82% after incorporating POS data'
Capacity Planning, 'Capacity planning shows we need a third shift to meet Q4 demand'
Bullwhip Effect, 'The bullwhip effect amplified a 5% demand increase into a 40% order spike upstream'
Just-in-Time (JIT), 'JIT delivery reduced warehouse space requirements by 30%'
Make-to-Order vs. Make-to-Stock, 'Premium products are make-to-order; standard items are make-to-stock'
Bill of Materials (BOM), 'The BOM for the new product line includes 47 components from 12 suppliers'
Production Planning, 'Production planning must be frozen 2 weeks before manufacturing start date'
Yield / Yield Rate, 'First-pass yield improved from 92% to 97% after the quality initiative'
Bottleneck, 'The painting line is the bottleneck, it limits total throughput to 800 units per day'
💡 Dica
S&OP é onde supply chain, vendas, finanças e produção se encontram. É a reunião mais estratégica da operação. Quem domina o vocabulário de S&OP em inglês lidera a conversa com a matriz.
Frases para Negociações com Fornecedores Internacionais
What's your best price for a volume of 10,000 units?, contexto: negociação de preço
Can you improve the lead time from 45 to 30 days?, contexto: negociação de prazo
We need a cost breakdown before we can evaluate the proposal, contexto: transparência de custos
What are your payment terms? Net 30? Net 60?, contexto: condições de pagamento
We'd like to run a pilot order of 500 units before committing to the MOQ, contexto: reduzir risco
Is there flexibility on the MOQ for the first order?, contexto: negociação de quantidade mínima
We require a certificate of origin and compliance documentation, contexto: requisitos regulatórios
What's your capacity in case we need to scale up 50% in Q4?, contexto: planejamento de pico
The quality audit revealed 3 non-conformances that need to be addressed, contexto: gestão de qualidade
Let's discuss a framework agreement with quarterly price reviews, contexto: contrato de longo prazo
💡 Dica
Em negociações com fornecedores internacionais, objetividade é valorizada. Asiáticos preferem construir relacionamento antes de negociar; americanos e europeus vão direto ao ponto. Adapte seu estilo ao interlocutor.
Perguntas frequentes
Qual a diferença entre supply chain e logística?
Preciso saber Incoterms para trabalhar com supply chain internacional?
O que é S&OP e por que é tão importante?
Como me preparar para uma reunião com fornecedor internacional?
Templates ajudam. Contexto define.
Essas frases são ferramentas. Mas só funcionam se você souber quando usar e como adaptar ao seu contexto específico.
Aprender em Contexto