50 Palavras Essenciais de Supply Chain em Inglês que Todo Diretor de Operações Precisa Dominar
De 'lead time' a 'safety stock': o vocabulário logístico que conecta operações brasileiras a cadeias globais.
Quando usar: Para diretores de supply chain, gerentes de logística, compradores e profissionais de operações que negociam com fornecedores internacionais, participam de S&OP meetings ou reportam para matrizes globais.
Frases prontas para usar
Procurement e Compras (Sourcing & Purchasing)
Procurement — 'Procurement savings of $2.4M were achieved through supplier consolidation'
RFP / RFQ (Request for Proposal / Quote) — 'We issued an RFQ to 8 suppliers with a 30-day response window'
Supplier / Vendor — 'Our primary supplier for raw materials is based in Germany with a backup in South Korea'
Lead Time — 'Lead time from order to delivery is 45 days for standard items, 90 for custom'
MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity) — 'The supplier's MOQ is 5,000 units—too high for our test batch'
Cost Breakdown — 'The cost breakdown shows 40% raw materials, 25% labor, 20% logistics, 15% overhead'
Single Source vs. Dual Source — 'We're moving to dual-source for critical components to reduce risk'
Incoterms (FOB, CIF, DDP) — 'The shipment is CIF Santos—supplier covers insurance and freight to port'
Purchase Order (PO) — 'PO approval workflow: requester → manager → procurement → finance for amounts above $50K'
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) — 'TCO analysis shows the cheaper supplier is actually 12% more expensive when you factor in quality issues'
💡 Dica
Incoterms são essenciais em comércio internacional. FOB (Free on Board) = responsabilidade passa no porto de origem. CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) = vendedor paga até o porto de destino. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) = vendedor entrega na porta.
Gestão de Estoque (Inventory Management)
Inventory Turnover — 'Inventory turnover improved from 4.2x to 5.8x after the SKU rationalization'
Safety Stock — 'Safety stock for A-class items is set at 2 weeks of demand'
SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) — 'We reduced active SKUs from 12,000 to 8,500—a 29% reduction'
FIFO / LIFO (First In, First Out / Last In, First Out) — 'Warehouse operates on FIFO for all perishable items'
Stockout / Out of Stock — 'Stockout rate decreased from 8% to 2.5% after implementing demand sensing'
Carrying Cost / Holding Cost — 'Carrying cost is estimated at 25% of inventory value annually'
Dead Stock / Obsolete Inventory — 'Dead stock write-off of $1.2M was booked in Q4'
Reorder Point (ROP) — 'The reorder point is calculated based on average daily demand × lead time + safety stock'
ABC Analysis — 'ABC analysis: A-items (15% of SKUs, 80% of value) get daily monitoring'
Cycle Count — 'We replaced annual physical counts with monthly cycle counts for A-class items'
💡 Dica
Inventory turnover é a métrica que o CFO mais olha em supply chain. Maior turnover = menos capital parado. Mas cuidado: turnover muito alto pode significar stockouts. O equilíbrio é a arte do supply chain.
Logística e Distribuição (Logistics & Distribution)
3PL (Third-Party Logistics) — 'We outsourced last-mile delivery to a 3PL to improve service levels in the Northeast'
Freight / Shipping — 'Ocean freight rates from Shanghai to Santos dropped 35% from the 2022 peak'
Last Mile Delivery — 'Last mile accounts for 53% of total shipping cost'
Distribution Center (DC) — 'The new DC in Cajamar serves the entire state of São Paulo with same-day capability'
Cross-Docking — 'Cross-docking eliminated 3 days from the fulfillment cycle for fast-moving items'
Route Optimization — 'Route optimization software reduced fuel costs by 18% and improved on-time delivery'
On-Time In-Full (OTIF) — 'OTIF performance: 94.2% this month—target is 96%'
Bill of Lading (B/L) — 'The bill of lading must match the commercial invoice and packing list exactly'
Customs Clearance — 'Customs clearance in Santos is averaging 5 business days—down from 12 last year'
Reverse Logistics — 'Reverse logistics for returns costs $8 per unit—triple the outbound cost'
💡 Dica
OTIF (On-Time In-Full) é o KPI mais importante de supply chain. Combina duas dimensões: chegou no prazo? E chegou completo? Um pedido que chega no prazo mas com 90% dos itens não é OTIF.
Planejamento e S&OP
S&OP (Sales and Operations Planning) — 'The monthly S&OP meeting aligns demand forecast with production capacity'
Demand Planning / Demand Forecast — 'Demand forecast accuracy improved to 82% after incorporating POS data'
Capacity Planning — 'Capacity planning shows we need a third shift to meet Q4 demand'
Bullwhip Effect — 'The bullwhip effect amplified a 5% demand increase into a 40% order spike upstream'
Just-in-Time (JIT) — 'JIT delivery reduced warehouse space requirements by 30%'
Make-to-Order vs. Make-to-Stock — 'Premium products are make-to-order; standard items are make-to-stock'
Bill of Materials (BOM) — 'The BOM for the new product line includes 47 components from 12 suppliers'
Production Planning — 'Production planning must be frozen 2 weeks before manufacturing start date'
Yield / Yield Rate — 'First-pass yield improved from 92% to 97% after the quality initiative'
Bottleneck — 'The painting line is the bottleneck—it limits total throughput to 800 units per day'
💡 Dica
S&OP é onde supply chain, vendas, finanças e produção se encontram. É a reunião mais estratégica da operação. Quem domina o vocabulário de S&OP em inglês lidera a conversa com a matriz.
Frases para Negociações com Fornecedores Internacionais
What's your best price for a volume of 10,000 units? — contexto: negociação de preço
Can you improve the lead time from 45 to 30 days? — contexto: negociação de prazo
We need a cost breakdown before we can evaluate the proposal — contexto: transparência de custos
What are your payment terms? Net 30? Net 60? — contexto: condições de pagamento
We'd like to run a pilot order of 500 units before committing to the MOQ — contexto: reduzir risco
Is there flexibility on the MOQ for the first order? — contexto: negociação de quantidade mínima
We require a certificate of origin and compliance documentation — contexto: requisitos regulatórios
What's your capacity in case we need to scale up 50% in Q4? — contexto: planejamento de pico
The quality audit revealed 3 non-conformances that need to be addressed — contexto: gestão de qualidade
Let's discuss a framework agreement with quarterly price reviews — contexto: contrato de longo prazo
💡 Dica
Em negociações com fornecedores internacionais, objetividade é valorizada. Asiáticos preferem construir relacionamento antes de negociar; americanos e europeus vão direto ao ponto. Adapte seu estilo ao interlocutor.
Perguntas frequentes
Qual a diferença entre supply chain e logística?
Preciso saber Incoterms para trabalhar com supply chain internacional?
O que é S&OP e por que é tão importante?
Como me preparar para uma reunião com fornecedor internacional?
Templates ajudam. Contexto define.
Essas frases são ferramentas. Mas só funcionam se você souber quando usar e como adaptar ao seu contexto específico.
Aprender em Contexto